diverge · Problem Solving · 15–30 min · 1-10 people · low energy

Abstraction Laddering

Abstraction Laddering helps teams reframe problem statements by exploring different levels of abstraction. By moving up and down the ladder, participants can uncover innovative solutions and gain a broader understanding of the challenge.

When to use Abstraction Laddering

Use this method when a team is stuck on a specific problem and needs to explore alternative perspectives or when the initial problem definition seems too narrow or too broad.

What it solves

Getting stuck in the weeds of a problem or being unable to generate novel solutions.

How to run Abstraction Laddering, step by step

  1. Introduce the concept of Abstraction Laddering. (2 minutes)
  2. Write the initial problem statement in the middle of a whiteboard or virtual canvas. (3 minutes)
  3. Ask "Why?" questions to move up the ladder towards more abstract problem statements. Record responses above the initial statement. (10 minutes)
  4. Ask "How?" questions to move down the ladder towards more concrete solutions. Record responses below the initial statement. (10 minutes)
  5. Discuss the different problem statements and identify new perspectives or potential solutions. (5 minutes)

Materials needed

  • Whiteboard or virtual whiteboard (Miro, Mural)
  • Markers or digital pens
  • Sticky notes (optional)

Facilitator tips

  • Encourage participants to think broadly and creatively when asking "Why?" questions.
  • Help participants to be specific and actionable when asking "How?" questions.

Common pitfalls

  • Getting stuck at one level of abstraction. Encourage movement up and down the ladder.
  • Not exploring enough levels of abstraction. Push the team to go further up and down.

Variations

  • Use different colored markers or sticky notes for "Why?" and "How?" responses.
  • Have participants work individually to generate ideas, then share and discuss as a group.

Running it online or hybrid

Use a shared digital whiteboard like Miro or Mural to collaboratively build the abstraction ladder.

What it produces

A ladder diagram with problem statements at varying levels of abstraction.

Origin

Based on work by Wes O'Haire (Dropbox) and Autodesk — source

Build a session around Abstraction Laddering

METODIC places Abstraction Laddering inside a complete, timed session plan — agenda, worksheets, facilitator guide and slides — matched to your group and goal.

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