diverge · Ideation · 30–60 min · 2-20 people · low energy
Card Sorting
Card sorting helps uncover users' mental models by having them organize information into categories that make sense to them. This method is effective for designing intuitive information architectures and understanding user perspectives.
When to use Card Sorting
Use card sorting when you need to understand how users categorize information, design website navigation, or organize content in a user-centered way.
What it solves
Disagreement on information architecture, difficulty understanding user needs, poorly organized website content.
How to run Card Sorting, step by step
- Prepare cards with individual items or concepts written on each. (15 minutes)
- Explain the task to participants: to group the cards based on how they relate to each other. (5 minutes)
- Participants sort the cards into groups, either with pre-defined categories (closed sorting) or creating their own (open sorting). (20-40 minutes)
- Participants name each group they created. (10 minutes)
- Discuss the groupings and labels with the participants to understand their reasoning. (10-20 minutes)
Materials needed
- Index cards or digital cards
- Markers or digital text tool
- Whiteboard or digital whiteboard
- Timer
Facilitator tips
- Limit the number of cards to avoid overwhelming participants.
- Randomize the order of cards to prevent bias.
- Encourage participants to verbalize their thought processes during sorting.
Common pitfalls
- Participants struggling to understand the task. Provide clear instructions and examples.
- Too many cards leading to fatigue. Reduce the number of cards or break the activity into smaller sessions.
- Lack of clear rationale for groupings. Prompt participants to explain their reasoning.
Variations
- Closed card sorting (predefined categories)
- Open card sorting (user-defined categories)
- Hybrid card sorting (some predefined, some user-defined)
- Remote card sorting using online tools
Running it online or hybrid
Use a digital whiteboard tool like Miro or Mural to create virtual cards and allow participants to drag and drop them into categories. Facilitate discussion via video conferencing.
What it produces
Categorized cards with user-defined labels, a visual representation of user mental models, insights into information architecture.
Origin
Adapted from Service Design Tools — source
Build a session around Card Sorting
METODIC places Card Sorting inside a complete, timed session plan — agenda, worksheets, facilitator guide and slides — matched to your group and goal.