open · Problem Solving · 20 min · 2-40 people · low energy
Nine Whys
Nine Whys is a method for uncovering the fundamental purpose behind a task or challenge by repeatedly asking 'Why is that important to you?' It helps individuals and groups clarify their motivations and align on a shared, meaningful objective.
When to use Nine Whys
Use this method when you need to establish a clear and compelling purpose for a project, initiative, or meeting. It's particularly useful at the beginning of a collaboration to ensure everyone understands and is motivated by the underlying goals.
What it solves
Lack of shared understanding of goals, superficial engagement, difficulty prioritizing tasks.
How to run Nine Whys, step by step
- Individual Reflection (2 min) - Ask participants to individually consider the subject matter or challenge at hand and list a few related activities.
- Paired Interviews (10 min) - Divide participants into pairs. One person interviews the other, starting with 'What do you do when working on [subject]?' and repeatedly asking 'Why is that important to you?' up to nine times. Switch roles after 5 minutes.
- Small Group Sharing (5 min) - Pairs join another pair to form groups of four. Each pair shares their experience and key insights.
- Whole Group Reflection (3 min) - Facilitate a whole group reflection by asking, 'How do our purposes influence the next steps we take?'
Materials needed
- Chairs for face-to-face seating
- Optional: Sticky notes
- Timer
Facilitator tips
- Encourage participants to dig deep and be honest in their responses.
- Vary the phrasing of 'Why?' to prompt deeper reflection (e.g., 'What's the impact of that?', 'Why does that matter to you personally?')
- Create a safe space for sharing personal stories and insights.
Common pitfalls
- Participants getting stuck on superficial answers. - Encourage them to keep asking 'Why?' and to think about the deeper meaning.
- Focusing on organizational goals rather than personal motivations. - Remind participants to answer from their own perspective.
Variations
- Combine with Appreciative Interview: Start with a positive story, then explore the 'whys' behind its success.
- After the Nine Whys, ask 'How?' questions to generate actionable steps.
Running it online or hybrid
Use breakout rooms for pair and small group discussions; utilize a shared online document or whiteboard for capturing and reflecting on the 'whys'.
What it produces
A shared understanding of the core purpose, often articulated in a concise statement.
Origin
Liberating Structure developed by Henri Lipmanowicz and Keith McCandless. Inspired by Geoff Bellman. — source
Build a session around Nine Whys
METODIC places Nine Whys inside a complete, timed session plan — agenda, worksheets, facilitator guide and slides — matched to your group and goal.