diverge · Problem Solving · 30–60 min · 2-10 people · medium energy

Socratic Questioning

Socratic Questioning is a disciplined method of inquiry that uses probing questions to stimulate critical thinking, clarify ideas, and uncover underlying assumptions. It helps participants explore different perspectives and arrive at a deeper understanding of the topic.

When to use Socratic Questioning

Use this method when you want to encourage critical thinking, challenge assumptions, and explore different perspectives on a problem or issue. It's useful for decision-making, problem-solving, and knowledge sharing.

What it solves

Lack of critical thinking; unchallenged assumptions; superficial understanding of complex issues.

How to run Socratic Questioning, step by step

  1. Identify the Topic (5 min). Clearly define the topic or issue you want to explore.
  2. Ask Clarifying Questions (10 min). Ask questions to clarify the meaning of terms and concepts (e.g., 'What do you mean by...?').
  3. Probe Assumptions (10 min). Ask questions to challenge underlying assumptions (e.g., 'What could we assume instead?').
  4. Examine Reasons and Evidence (10 min). Ask questions to explore the reasons and evidence supporting claims (e.g., 'Why do you think this is true?').
  5. Explore Implications and Consequences (10 min). Ask questions to consider the implications and consequences of different actions (e.g., 'What effect would that have?').
  6. Consider Different Viewpoints (5 min). Ask questions to explore alternative perspectives (e.g., 'What would be an alternative?').

Materials needed

  • Whiteboard or virtual whiteboard
  • Markers or digital pens
  • Timer

Facilitator tips

  • Create a safe and supportive environment for open and honest discussion.
  • Listen carefully to the responses and ask follow-up questions to probe deeper.
  • Avoid leading questions; encourage participants to think for themselves.

Common pitfalls

  • Asking leading questions that bias the responses.
  • Creating a hostile or judgmental environment.
  • Failing to listen carefully to the responses.

Variations

  • Use a structured questioning framework to guide the discussion.
  • Assign different roles to participants (e.g., questioner, responder, observer).
  • Combine with other critical thinking techniques like argument mapping.

Running it online or hybrid

Use a virtual meeting platform to facilitate the questioning. Encourage participants to use the chat function to submit questions and responses.

What it produces

A series of questions and answers that lead to a deeper understanding of the topic and a more informed perspective.

Origin

Adapted from Untools — source

Build a session around Socratic Questioning

METODIC places Socratic Questioning inside a complete, timed session plan — agenda, worksheets, facilitator guide and slides — matched to your group and goal.

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