Psychology · Multi-session programs or long-term professional development
Krathwohl's Taxonomy of the Affective Domain
A hierarchical model that classifies the way individuals react emotionally and the process by which they internalize values. It tracks a learner's progression from simple awareness of a concept to the point where that concept becomes a consistent, guiding force in their behavior.
When to use Krathwohl's Taxonomy of the Affective Domain
This framework is most effective when the learning goal involves soft skills, professional ethics, leadership development, or diversity and inclusion, where success is measured by changes in attitude or values rather than just technical knowledge.
How Krathwohl's Taxonomy of the Affective Domain works
Instructional designers can use this framework to map out learning objectives that target attitude shifts and behavioral change. Facilitators can sequence activities to move learners from passive listening (Receiving) to active participation (Responding) and eventually to peer-led advocacy or personal reflection (Valuing and Organization).
Phases of Krathwohl's Taxonomy of the Affective Domain
- Receiving
- Responding
- Valuing
- Organization
- Characterization
Key principles
- Internalization: The core principle that describes how a value moves from an external idea to an internal driver of behavior.
- Hierarchical Progression: Learners must typically be aware of and willing to receive information before they can value it or organize it into a personal philosophy.
- Observable Affect: While internal, affective growth is demonstrated through external actions such as volunteering, debating, or revising one's own practices.
Best for
- Attitude and Value Shifts
- Soft Skills Development
- Ethical Decision Making
- Cultural Competency Training
Considerations
- Affective changes are often gradual and may not be fully realized within a single short session.
- Assessment of higher levels (Characterization) often requires long-term observation rather than a post-training quiz.
- Learners require a psychologically safe environment to move into the 'Valuing' and 'Organization' stages.
Attribution & sources
Developed by David Krathwohl, Benjamin Bloom, and Bertram Masia (1964)
Design a session with Krathwohl's Taxonomy of the Affective Domain
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