Psychology · Applicable to all session lengths, from 1-hour modules to multi-week programs.

Webb’s Depth of Knowledge (DOK)

A cognitive framework used to evaluate the complexity of mental processing required by a learning task or assessment. Unlike models that focus on difficulty, DOK measures the 'depth' of engagement and the nature of the thinking required to reach a solution.

When to use Webb’s Depth of Knowledge (DOK)

Best utilized during the curriculum development phase, when designing assessment rubrics, or when evaluating the instructional rigor of existing learning materials.

How Webb’s Depth of Knowledge (DOK) works

Instructional designers can use DOK to audit learning objectives and assessments, ensuring that the cognitive demand of the activity aligns with the intended rigor of the curriculum. Facilitators can use it to scaffold questions, moving from basic recall to complex, multi-step problem solving.

Phases of Webb’s Depth of Knowledge (DOK)

  1. Level 1: Recall and Reproduction
  2. Level 2: Skills and Concepts
  3. Level 3: Strategic Thinking
  4. Level 4: Extended Thinking

Key principles

  • Complexity is not the same as difficulty; a task can be hard but cognitively simple.
  • The level is determined by the mental processing required, not just the verb used in the objective.
  • Alignment requires that the assessment level matches the intended learning outcome level.
  • Level 4 tasks typically require extended periods of time and the integration of multiple concepts.

Best for

  • Assessment design
  • Curriculum alignment
  • Increasing cognitive rigor
  • Scaffolding instructional activities

Considerations

  • Verbs are not reliable indicators of DOK levels; the context of the task is paramount.
  • Level 4 tasks often involve research and synthesis that cannot be completed in a single sitting.
  • It is essential to ensure that learners have mastered lower DOK levels before being assessed at higher levels.

Attribution & sources

Developed by Norman Webb, 1997

Primary source

Design a session with Webb’s Depth of Knowledge (DOK)

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