Analysis · beginner · 30 min
5 Whys
The 5 Whys method involves repeatedly asking 'Why?' to drill down to the root cause of a problem. It's a simple but powerful technique for uncovering underlying issues.
What participants gain
- Identify the root cause of a project delay.
- Understand the chain of events leading to the delay.
- Develop targeted solutions to prevent future delays.
Materials needed
- Whiteboard or large paper
- Markers
- Timer
- Sticky notes
How to run 5 Whys, step by step
- 1. Clearly define the problem statement (the project delay).
- 2. Ask 'Why?' the problem occurred. Record the answer.
- 3. For each answer, ask 'Why?' again. Record each subsequent answer.
- 4. Repeat the 'Why?' questioning process at least five times or until the root cause is identified.
- 5. Review the chain of cause-and-effect to confirm the root cause.
- 6. Brainstorm potential solutions to address the root cause.
- 7. Prioritize the solutions based on feasibility and impact.
Facilitator tips
- Encourage participants to be specific and avoid generalities.
- Keep asking 'Why?' until you can no longer identify a deeper cause.
- Document each 'Why?' and its corresponding answer for clarity.
Common challenges
- Stopping at a symptom instead of the root cause - Keep asking 'Why?' to dig deeper.
- Blaming individuals instead of identifying systemic issues - Reframe questions to focus on processes and systems.
- Participants dominating discussion - Use a talking stick approach to ensure everyone contributes.
Running it virtually
Use a shared document or whiteboard tool where participants can collaboratively add 'Why?' questions and answers in real-time. Tools like Miro or Google Docs work well.
Expected results
A clear chain of cause-and-effect leading to the fundamental root cause of the project delay, enabling targeted solutions.
Build a session around 5 Whys
METODIC drops 5 Whys into a complete session plan with timing, materials, worksheets, and a facilitator guide — for any workshop, meeting, or team session.